Named Colour HEX Codes

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CSS defines 148 named colours, and the names are a historical accident rather than a system. They came from the X Window System's colour database in the 1980s, which itself inherited names from a paint catalogue — which is why CSS has papayawhip, lightgoldenrodyellow and four different greys spelled two ways each.

Several of the names are actively misleading. gray is darker than darkgray. lightgreen is lighter than green but so is lime, which is what most people mean by green. And aqua and cyan are the same colour, as are fuchsia and magenta — both pairs exist because two ancestor systems used different names.

Each page here gives the exact value in every format, the WCAG contrast ratio against white and black, a shade ramp, and the harmonies built from it.

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Choosing Between Similar Names

The named colours cluster tightly in places, and picking between neighbours is easier with the numbers in front of you than by name alone.

The greys are the clearest example. CSS has gray (#808080), darkgray (#A9A9A9), dimgray (#696969), lightgray (#D3D3D3), silver (#C0C0C0) and gainsboro (#DCDCDC) — and darkgray is lighter than gray, which catches people every time. The name came from a different source than the value, and neither was ever reconciled.

Both spellings work: grey and gray are aliases throughout, as are the four *grey/\*gray compounds.

Named Colours Are a Starting Point

They are convenient for prototyping and rarely right for a finished product. A brand palette needs values chosen for contrast against your specific backgrounds, for legibility at your specific type sizes, and for how they behave in dark mode — none of which the CSS list was designed around.

The useful workflow is to pick a named colour close to what you want, read its HSL, and adjust lightness and saturation from there. That is what these pages are for: each gives the value in every format, the contrast ratios, and a ramp built from it.

Contrast Is Not Optional

WCAG requires 4.5:1 against the background for body text and 3:1 for large text. Most of the lighter named colours — skyblue, khaki, periwinkle, lightgreen` — fail comfortably against white at body size. They are background colours, and using them for text excludes readers who could otherwise use your site.

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